Exercise 3.2: Configure A Local Repo

  1. 컨테이너 레지스트리 생성

    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: registry
    spec:
      ports:
      - name: "5000"
        port: 5000
        targetPort: 5000
      selector:
        app: registry
    ---
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: registry
      name: registry
    spec:
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: registry
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: registry
        spec:
          containers:
          - env:
            - name: REGISTRY_STORAGE_FILESYSTEM_ROOTDIRECTORY
              value: /data
            image: registry:2
            name: registry
            ports:
            - containerPort: 5000
              hostIP: 127.0.0.1
            volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /data
              name: registry
          volumes:
          - name: registry
            persistentVolumeClaim:
              claimName: registry
    ---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
    metadata:
      name: registry
    spec:
      accessModes:
      - ReadWriteOnce
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 100Mi
    ---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: PersistentVolume
    metadata:
      name: registry 
    spec:
      accessModes:
      - ReadWriteOnce
      capacity:
        storage: 1Gi
      hostPath:
        path: /tmp/data
    EOF
  2. 생성된 레지스트리 Service의 IP주소 및 포트 확인

    kubectl get svc registry
  3. 생성된 레지스트리가 정상 동작하는지 확인

    curl $(kubectl get svc registry -o=jsonpath='{.spec.clusterIP}'):$(kubectl get svc registry -o=jsonpath='{.spec.ports[0].port}')/v2/_catalog
  4. 레지스트리 주소를 환경변수 지정

    {
        export repo=$(kubectl get svc registry -o=jsonpath='{.spec.clusterIP}'):$(kubectl get svc registry -o=jsonpath='{.spec.ports[0].port}')
        echo "export repo=$(kubectl get svc registry -o=jsonpath='{.spec.clusterIP}'):$(kubectl get svc registry -o=jsonpath='{.spec.ports[0].port}')" >> $HOME/.bashrc
    }
  5. 로컬호스트에 설정된 컨테이너 레지스트리 설정 업데이트

    sudo bash -c "cat > /etc/containers/registries.conf.d/registry.conf" <<EOF
    [[registry]]
    insecure = true
    location = "$repo"
    EOF
  6. 컨테이너 런타임이 로컬 레지스트리와 HTTP 통신을 하도록 설정

    sudo bash -c "cat > /etc/containerd/config.toml" <<EOF
    disabled_plugins = []
    imports = []
    oom_score = 0
    plugin_dir = ""
    required_plugins = []
    root = "/var/lib/containerd"
    state = "/run/containerd"
    temp = ""
    version = 2
    
    [cgroup]
      path = ""
    
    [debug]
      address = ""
      format = ""
      gid = 0
      level = ""
      uid = 0
    
    [grpc]
      address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
      gid = 0
      max_recv_message_size = 16777216
      max_send_message_size = 16777216
      tcp_address = ""
      tcp_tls_ca = ""
      tcp_tls_cert = ""
      tcp_tls_key = ""
      uid = 0
    
    [metrics]
      address = ""
      grpc_histogram = false
    
    [plugins]
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
        deletion_threshold = 0
        mutation_threshold = 100
        pause_threshold = 0.02
        schedule_delay = "0s"
        startup_delay = "100ms"
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
        device_ownership_from_security_context = false
        disable_apparmor = false
        disable_cgroup = false
        disable_hugetlb_controller = true
        disable_proc_mount = false
        disable_tcp_service = true
        enable_selinux = false
        enable_tls_streaming = false
        enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
        enable_unprivileged_ports = false
        ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
        max_concurrent_downloads = 3
        max_container_log_line_size = 16384
        netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
        restrict_oom_score_adj = false
        sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6"
        selinux_category_range = 1024
        stats_collect_period = 10
        stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
        stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
        stream_server_port = "0"
        systemd_cgroup = false
        tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
        unset_seccomp_profile = ""
    
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
          bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
          conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
          conf_template = ""
          ip_pref = ""
          max_conf_num = 1
    
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
          default_runtime_name = "runc"
          disable_snapshot_annotations = true
          discard_unpacked_layers = false
          ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
          no_pivot = false
          snapshotter = "overlayfs"
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
            base_runtime_spec = ""
            cni_conf_dir = ""
            cni_max_conf_num = 0
            container_annotations = []
            pod_annotations = []
            privileged_without_host_devices = false
            runtime_engine = ""
            runtime_path = ""
            runtime_root = ""
            runtime_type = ""
    
            [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
    
            [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
              base_runtime_spec = ""
              cni_conf_dir = ""
              cni_max_conf_num = 0
              container_annotations = []
              pod_annotations = []
              privileged_without_host_devices = false
              runtime_engine = ""
              runtime_path = ""
              runtime_root = ""
              runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
    
              [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
                BinaryName = ""
                CriuImagePath = ""
                CriuPath = ""
                CriuWorkPath = ""
                IoGid = 0
                IoUid = 0
                NoNewKeyring = false
                NoPivotRoot = false
                Root = ""
                ShimCgroup = ""
                SystemdCgroup = false
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
            base_runtime_spec = ""
            cni_conf_dir = ""
            cni_max_conf_num = 0
            container_annotations = []
            pod_annotations = []
            privileged_without_host_devices = false
            runtime_engine = ""
            runtime_path = ""
            runtime_root = ""
            runtime_type = ""
    
            [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]
    
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
          key_model = "node"
    
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
          config_path = ""
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
          
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."*"]
            endpoint = ["http://$repo"]
    
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
          tls_cert_file = ""
          tls_key_file = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
        path = "/opt/containerd"
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
        interval = "10s"
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]
        sampling_ratio = 1.0
        service_name = "containerd"
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
        content_sharing_policy = "shared"
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
        no_prometheus = false
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
        no_shim = false
        runtime = "runc"
        runtime_root = ""
        shim = "containerd-shim"
        shim_debug = false
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
        platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
        sched_core = false
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
        default = ["walking"]
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
        rdt_config_file = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
        root_path = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
        root_path = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
        async_remove = false
        base_image_size = ""
        discard_blocks = false
        fs_options = ""
        fs_type = ""
        pool_name = ""
        root_path = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
        root_path = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
        root_path = ""
        upperdir_label = false
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
        root_path = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]
        endpoint = ""
        insecure = false
        protocol = ""
    
    [proxy_plugins]
    
    [stream_processors]
    
      [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
        accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
        args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
        env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
        path = "ctd-decoder"
        returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"
    
      [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
        accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
        args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
        env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
        path = "ctd-decoder"
        returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"
    
    [timeouts]
      "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
      "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
      "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
      "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
      "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"
    
    [ttrpc]
      address = ""
      gid = 0
      uid = 0
    EOF
  7. 컨테이너 런타임 재기동

    {
        sudo systemctl restart containerd
        sudo systemctl status containerd --no-pager
    }
  8. Docker Hub에서 alpine 이미지 다운로드

    sudo podman pull docker.io/library/alpine
  9. 다운받은 alpine 이미지에 새로운 태그 부여

    sudo podman tag alpine $repo/alpine
  10. 컨테이너 이미지 목록 확인

    sudo podman images
  11. 새로운 태그를 부여한 이미지를 레지스트리에 업로드

    sudo podman push $repo/alpine
  12. 로컬호스트에 저장된 alpine 이미지 삭제

    {
        sudo podman image rm alpine
        sudo podman image rm $repo/alpine
    }
  13. 로컬 레지스트리에서 alpine 이미지 다운로드

    sudo podman pull $repo/alpine
  14. 레지스트리 주소를 환경변수로 지정하는 명령어 생성

    cat << EOF
    export repo=$repo
    echo "export repo=$repo" >> $HOME/.bashrc
    EOF
  15. 새로운 터미널을 열고 Worker로 SSH 접속

    ssh student@WORKER_IP_ADDRESS
  16. 13번 명령어를 실행하고 나온 명령어를 실행

  17. 로컬호스트에 설정된 컨테이너 레지스트리 설정 업데이트

    sudo bash -c "cat > /etc/containers/registries.conf.d/registry.conf" <<EOF
    [[registry]]
    insecure = true
    location = "$repo"
    EOF
  18. 컨테이너 런타임이 로컬 레지스트리와 HTTP 통신을 하도록 설정

    sudo bash -c "cat > /etc/containerd/config.toml" <<EOF
    disabled_plugins = []
    imports = []
    oom_score = 0
    plugin_dir = ""
    required_plugins = []
    root = "/var/lib/containerd"
    state = "/run/containerd"
    temp = ""
    version = 2
    
    [cgroup]
      path = ""
    
    [debug]
      address = ""
      format = ""
      gid = 0
      level = ""
      uid = 0
    
    [grpc]
      address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
      gid = 0
      max_recv_message_size = 16777216
      max_send_message_size = 16777216
      tcp_address = ""
      tcp_tls_ca = ""
      tcp_tls_cert = ""
      tcp_tls_key = ""
      uid = 0
    
    [metrics]
      address = ""
      grpc_histogram = false
    
    [plugins]
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
        deletion_threshold = 0
        mutation_threshold = 100
        pause_threshold = 0.02
        schedule_delay = "0s"
        startup_delay = "100ms"
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
        device_ownership_from_security_context = false
        disable_apparmor = false
        disable_cgroup = false
        disable_hugetlb_controller = true
        disable_proc_mount = false
        disable_tcp_service = true
        enable_selinux = false
        enable_tls_streaming = false
        enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
        enable_unprivileged_ports = false
        ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
        max_concurrent_downloads = 3
        max_container_log_line_size = 16384
        netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
        restrict_oom_score_adj = false
        sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6"
        selinux_category_range = 1024
        stats_collect_period = 10
        stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
        stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
        stream_server_port = "0"
        systemd_cgroup = false
        tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
        unset_seccomp_profile = ""
    
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
          bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
          conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
          conf_template = ""
          ip_pref = ""
          max_conf_num = 1
    
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
          default_runtime_name = "runc"
          disable_snapshot_annotations = true
          discard_unpacked_layers = false
          ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
          no_pivot = false
          snapshotter = "overlayfs"
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
            base_runtime_spec = ""
            cni_conf_dir = ""
            cni_max_conf_num = 0
            container_annotations = []
            pod_annotations = []
            privileged_without_host_devices = false
            runtime_engine = ""
            runtime_path = ""
            runtime_root = ""
            runtime_type = ""
    
            [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
    
            [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
              base_runtime_spec = ""
              cni_conf_dir = ""
              cni_max_conf_num = 0
              container_annotations = []
              pod_annotations = []
              privileged_without_host_devices = false
              runtime_engine = ""
              runtime_path = ""
              runtime_root = ""
              runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
    
              [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
                BinaryName = ""
                CriuImagePath = ""
                CriuPath = ""
                CriuWorkPath = ""
                IoGid = 0
                IoUid = 0
                NoNewKeyring = false
                NoPivotRoot = false
                Root = ""
                ShimCgroup = ""
                SystemdCgroup = false
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
            base_runtime_spec = ""
            cni_conf_dir = ""
            cni_max_conf_num = 0
            container_annotations = []
            pod_annotations = []
            privileged_without_host_devices = false
            runtime_engine = ""
            runtime_path = ""
            runtime_root = ""
            runtime_type = ""
    
            [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]
    
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
          key_model = "node"
    
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
          config_path = ""
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]
    
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
          
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."*"]
            endpoint = ["http://$repo"]
    
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
          tls_cert_file = ""
          tls_key_file = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
        path = "/opt/containerd"
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
        interval = "10s"
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]
        sampling_ratio = 1.0
        service_name = "containerd"
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
        content_sharing_policy = "shared"
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
        no_prometheus = false
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
        no_shim = false
        runtime = "runc"
        runtime_root = ""
        shim = "containerd-shim"
        shim_debug = false
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
        platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
        sched_core = false
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
        default = ["walking"]
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
        rdt_config_file = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
        root_path = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
        root_path = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
        async_remove = false
        base_image_size = ""
        discard_blocks = false
        fs_options = ""
        fs_type = ""
        pool_name = ""
        root_path = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
        root_path = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
        root_path = ""
        upperdir_label = false
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
        root_path = ""
    
      [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]
        endpoint = ""
        insecure = false
        protocol = ""
    
    [proxy_plugins]
    
    [stream_processors]
    
      [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
        accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
        args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
        env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
        path = "ctd-decoder"
        returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"
    
      [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
        accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
        args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
        env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
        path = "ctd-decoder"
        returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"
    
    [timeouts]
      "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
      "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
      "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
      "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
      "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"
    
    [ttrpc]
      address = ""
      gid = 0
      uid = 0
    EOF
  19. 컨테이너 런타임 재기동

    sudo systemctl restart containerd
  20. 로컬 레지스트리에서 alpine 이미지 다운로드

    sudo podman pull $repo/alpine
  21. kubelet 재시작

    sudo systemctl restart kubelet
  22. CP 노드에 연결된 터미널로 이동

  23. kubelet 재시작

    sudo systemctl restart kubelet
  24. 로컬 레지스트리가 정상 동작하는지 확인

    curl $repo/v2/_catalog
  25. 이전 실습에서 만든 파이썬 애플리케이션 컨테이너 이미지를 로컬 레지스트리에 업로드

    {
        sudo podman tag simpleapp $repo/simpleapp
        sudo podman push $repo/simpleapp
    }
  26. 파이썬 애플리케이션 컨테이너 이미지가 로컬 레지스트리에 업로드 되었는지 확인

    curl $repo/v2/_catalog
  27. Deployment 생성

    kubectl create deployment simpleapp --image=$repo/simpleapp
  28. Deployment 상태 확인

    kubectl get deploy simpleapp
  29. Deployment의 Replica 갯수를 10개로 변경

    kubectl scale deployment simpleapp --replicas=10
  30. Pod들이 두개의 노드 모두에 배포됐는지 확인

    kubectl get pod -o wide -l app=simpleapp
  31. 실행중인 컨테이너 확인

    sudo crictl ps --label app=simpleapp 
  32. crictl이 사용할 컨테이너 런타임 주소 설정

    {
        sudo crictl config --set runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
        sudo crictl config --set image-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
    }
  33. Deployment의 Live Manifest를 YAML 형식으로 저장

    kubectl get deploy simpleapp -o yaml > ~/app1/simpleapp.yaml
  34. Deployment 삭제

    kubectl delete deploy simpleapp
  35. 위에서 생성한 simpleapp.yaml 파일을 이용해서 Deployment 생성

    kubectl create -f ~/app1/simpleapp.yaml 
  36. Deployment가 생성되었는지 확인

    kubectl get deploy simpleapp

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